Tin Lead Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Pb
Group Number
14
4
14
4
Period Number
5
6
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
38.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
50
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
1.64 (Pa)
7
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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