Symbol
Li
  
Cu
  
Period Number
2
  
4
  
Block
s block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
  
Unknown
  
Discovery
In 1817
  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
27
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
8
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
  
17
26.00 p.p.m.
  
12
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
  
99+
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Copper
  
Luster
NA
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
  
3
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Li
  
Cu
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
  
3
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
  
4
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,536.00 kJ/mol
  
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
13,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
19,200.00 kJ/mol
  
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
22,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
25,600.00 kJ/mol
  
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
35,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
38,700.00 kJ/mol
  
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
42,000.00 kJ/mol
  
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
46,700.00 kJ/mol
  
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
50,200.00 kJ/mol
  
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
53,700.00 kJ/mol
  
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
61,100.00 kJ/mol
  
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
64,702.00 kJ/mol
  
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
163,700.00 kJ/mol
  
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
174,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
  
184,900.00 kJ/mol
  
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
198,800.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
  
99+
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
  
99+
8.96 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
19
0.60 106/cm Ω
  
2
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
  
16
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
  
1
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
  
20
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
  
7
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+