Lithium Polonium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Po
Group Number
1
17
16
2
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1817
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
84
32
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
84
32
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
3
99+
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
Not Available
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
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