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Lithium vs Polonium

Lithium
Polonium
Polonium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Po   
Group Number
1   
17
16   
2
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1817   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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