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Lithium vs Polonium

Lithium
Polonium
Polonium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Po  
Group Number
1  
17
16  
2
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
11
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
23
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
6
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.35  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
99+
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
99+
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
3  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
33
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
10
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
16
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
5
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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