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Lithium vs Potassium


Potassium vs Lithium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Li   
K   

Group Number
1   
17
1   
17

Period Number
2   
4   

Block
s block   
s block   

Element Family
Alkali   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7440097   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
Humphry Davy   

Discovery
In 1817   
In 1807   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
3 * 10-4 %   
9

Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~0.0004 %   
9

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
0.07 %   
9

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
1.50 %   
6

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.04 %   
3

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.20 %   
2

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2

In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3

Physical Properties

Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
63.65 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
774.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
0.40   
23

Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
0.36 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
2,000.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Li   
K   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
8   
30
20   
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
0.82   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
0.45   
31

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
0.91   
39

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
0.73   
23

Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
0.73   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
3.18   
3

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5

3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13

7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
2.30 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
3   
99+
19   
99+

Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Ar] 4s1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
3   
99+
19   
99+

Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
20   
99+

Number of Electrons
3   
99+
19   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
227.00 pm   
3

Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
203.00 pm   
9

Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
275.00 pm   
5

Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
39.10 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
45.46 cm3/mol   
3

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Aluminium
  

Next Element
Beryllium
  
Calcium
  

Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
10.40 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
532.80 pm   
12

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
0.86 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
0.83 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
1.30 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
3.10 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
3.53 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
0.86   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
72.00 nΩ·m   
37

Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14

Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
48.40 kJ/mol   
22

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6

Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
29.60 J/mol·K   
6

Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
102.50 W/m·K   
15

Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
2,223.00 K   
3

Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
64.70 J/mol.K   
18

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