Symbol
Li
  
K
  
Period Number
2
  
4
  
Block
s block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Alkali
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
  
Humphry Davy
  
Discovery
In 1817
  
In 1807
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
27
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
2
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
  
17
2,100.00 p.p.m.
  
3
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
NA
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
  
3
2,000.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Li
  
K
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
  
3
3,052.00 kJ/mol
  
5
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
  
4
4,420.00 kJ/mol
  
8
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,877.00 kJ/mol
  
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,975.00 kJ/mol
  
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,590.00 kJ/mol
  
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
11,343.00 kJ/mol
  
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
14,944.00 kJ/mol
  
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,963.70 kJ/mol
  
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
48,610.00 kJ/mol
  
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
54,490.00 kJ/mol
  
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
60,730.00 kJ/mol
  
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
68,950.00 kJ/mol
  
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
75,900.00 kJ/mol
  
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
83,080.00 kJ/mol
  
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
93,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
99,710.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.46 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
  
[Ar] 4s1
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
45.46 cm3/mol
  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
  
99+
10.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
  
99+
0.86 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
  
99+
0.83 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
19
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
14
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
  
16
48.40 kJ/mol
  
22
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
  
1
0.75 J/(kg K)
  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
  
99+
29.60 J/mol·K
  
6
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
  
20
102.50 W/m·K
  
15
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
  
7
83.30 µm/(m·K)
  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
77.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
89.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
  
99+
64.70 J/mol.K
  
18