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Potassium vs Radium

Potassium
Radium
Radium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Ra  
Group Number
1  
17
2  
16
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
-  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
23
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
140.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
3,150.00 m/s  
37
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
0.92  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
138  
17
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
283.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
514.80 pm  
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
18
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
973.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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