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Radium vs Calcium

Radium
Calcium
Calcium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Ca  
Group Number
2  
16
2  
16
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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