Lithium vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Na
Group Number
1
17
1
17
Period Number
2
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
Alkali
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1817
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
0.69 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
Not Available
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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