Lutetium vs Bismuth
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Bi
Group Number
Not Available
15
3
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1906
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
Not Available
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
70.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
104
30
126
18
Number of Electrons
71
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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