Lutetium vs Lanthanum
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
La
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7439910
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1906
In 1838
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
29
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Bone
Not Available
0.08 p.p.m.
24
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
920.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
3,469.00 °C
18
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
350.00 MPa
30
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
360.00 MPa
26
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,475.00 m/s
37
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
La
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.10
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.08
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.90
10
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
538.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,067.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
1,850.30 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
4,819.00 kJ/mol
22
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
5,940.00 kJ/mol
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
1.73 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
57
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
57
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
82
99+
Number of Electrons
71
99+
57
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
187.00 pm
8
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
207.00 pm
6
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
240.00 pm
13
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
138.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
20.73 cm3/mol
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
40.71 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
377.20 pm
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
1.62
2
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
6.16 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
5.94 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
0.98 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
14.30 GPa
40
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
27.90 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
36.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
6.17
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
615.00 nΩ·m
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
48.00 kJ/mol
23
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
27.11 J/mol·K
21
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
13.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
12.10 µm/(m·K)
32
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
399.60 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
6.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
431.00 kJ/mol
16
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
56.90 J/mol.K
23
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