Lutetium vs Potassium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
K
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440097
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1906
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.07 %
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
1.50 %
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.04 %
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.20 %
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
In Bone
Not Available
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
63.65 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
774.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.40
23
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
0.36 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,000.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
K
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.45
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
0.91
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.73
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.73
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
2.30 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
19
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Ar] 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
19
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
20
99+
Number of Electrons
71
99+
19
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
227.00 pm
3
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
203.00 pm
9
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
275.00 pm
5
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
39.10 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
45.46 cm3/mol
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
10.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
532.80 pm
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
0.86 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
0.83 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
1.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
3.10 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
3.53 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
0.86
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
72.00 nΩ·m
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
48.40 kJ/mol
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
29.60 J/mol·K
6
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
102.50 W/m·K
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,223.00 K
3
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
64.70 J/mol.K
18
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