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Lutetium vs Potassium

Lutetium
Potassium
Potassium vs Lutetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu  
K  
Group Number
Not Available  
1  
17
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7439943  
99+
7440097  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1906  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %  
30
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.07 %  
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
1.50 %  
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.04 %  
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.20 %  
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
In Bone
Not Available  
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C  
19
63.65 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C  
19
774.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
0.40  
23
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa  
10
0.36 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
8
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu  
K  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27  
34
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.45  
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
28
0.91  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.73  
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.73  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73  
20
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
Not Available  
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr  
23
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV  
33
2.30 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71  
99+
19  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1  
[Ar] 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71  
99+
19  
99+
Number of Neutrons
104  
30
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
71  
99+
19  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
20
227.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
275.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu  
40
39.10 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol  
30
45.46 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)  
26
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm  
99+
532.80 pm  
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
10
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3  
38
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3  
22
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)  
11
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa  
26
1.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa  
23
3.10 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa  
30
3.53 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84  
29
0.86  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m  
9
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
48.40 kJ/mol  
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
36
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K  
24
29.60 J/mol·K  
6
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K  
99+
102.50 W/m·K  
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
2,223.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
40
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol  
22
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol  
13
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol  
20
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K  
30
64.70 J/mol.K  
18
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