Symbol
Mg
Bi
Group Number
215
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
36
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74399547440699
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.0012.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1755
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
650.00 °C271.30 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C1,560.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
-
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.502.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s1,790.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.492.50
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
74.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Mg
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1533
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.312.02
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.322.34
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.231.67
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.372.15
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.292.01
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.691.98
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol8,520.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV4.22 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
1283
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
1283
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
12126
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
1283
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm156.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm148.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm207.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu208.98 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol21.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm667.40 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.621.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm310.05 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa32.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa12.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa31.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa32.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.290.33
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.749.79
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m1.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol91.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K7.97 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
923.00 K544.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol151.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol10.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol207.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K56.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻