Magnesium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Ce
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1755
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.12
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
82
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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