Magnesium Promethium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Pm
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440122
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
Space Group Number
194.00
5
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1755
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,042.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
3,000.00 °C
31
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Unknown
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
61
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
61
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
84
40
Number of Electrons
12
99+
61
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
183.00 pm
10
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
236.00 pm
16
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
145.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
44.10 (-eV)
39
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Unknown
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
7.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
33.00 GPa
36
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
46.00 GPa
38
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
7.26
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Not Available
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
17.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
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