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Magnesium vs Palladium

Magnesium
Palladium
Palladium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Pd  
Group Number
2  
16
10  
8
Period Number
3  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1755  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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