Symbol
Mn
  
W
  
Period Number
4
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
  
Not Available
  
Discovery
In 1774
  
In 1781
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
14
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
31
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.
  
8
0.00 p.p.m.
  
35
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
  
37
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Grayish White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Lustrous
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
  
99+
2,000.00 MPa
  
4
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
3,430.00 MPa
  
1
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s
  
7
4,620.00 m/s
  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Mn
  
W
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol
  
30
770.00 kJ/mol
  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol
  
39
1,700.00 kJ/mol
  
29
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Not Available
  
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol
  
20
Not Available
  
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol
  
17
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol
  
16
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol
  
16
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Not Available
  
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol
  
3
Not Available
  
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol
  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)
  
2
140.00 (-eV)
  
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3
  
99+
19.25 g/cm3
  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω
  
10
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
78.60 kJ/mol
  
13
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)
  
11
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
  
29
24.27 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K
  
99+
173.00 W/m·K
  
7
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)
  
21
4.50 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol
  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol
  
23
35.23 kJ/mol
  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol
  
38
837.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K
  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K
  
99+