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Manganese vs Potassium

Manganese
Potassium
Potassium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
K   
Group Number
7   
11
1   
17
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440097   
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1807   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
0.07 %   
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
1.50 %   
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.04 %   
3
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.20 %   
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
63.65 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
774.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
0.40   
23
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
0.36 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
K   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
0.45   
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
0.91   
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.73   
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
0.73   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
2.30 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
19   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Ar] 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
19   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
19   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
227.00 pm   
3
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
203.00 pm   
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
275.00 pm   
5
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
39.10 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
532.80 pm   
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
1.30 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
3.10 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
3.53 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
0.86   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
102.50 W/m·K   
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,223.00 K   
3
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
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