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Manganese vs Praseodymium

Manganese
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn  
Pr  
Group Number
7  
11
3  
15
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439965  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
217.00  
5
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
-  
Discovery
In 1774  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %  
8
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %  
8
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C  
37
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s  
11
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mn  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55  
26
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60  
10
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.55  
23
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.75  
18
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45  
29
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV  
32
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
25  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
25  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm  
99+
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)  
2
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm  
1
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa  
14
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa  
13
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
12
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K  
40
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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