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Praseodymium vs Manganese

Praseodymium
Manganese
Manganese vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Mn  
Group Number
3  
15
7  
11
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7439965  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I_ 43m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
217.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1774  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.27 %  
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.11 %  
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,245.00 °C  
37
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
1,962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
196.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
196.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
5,150.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Mn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.55  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.60  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.55  
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.75  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.45  
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.10 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
25  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
25  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
25  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
127.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
54.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
220.00 (-eV)  
2
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
891.25 pm  
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
14
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
198.00 GPa  
13
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
7.21  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
12
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,519.00 K  
40
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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