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Mercury
Mercury

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Hg
Ag
1.2 Group Number
1211
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399767440224
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
166.00225.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
Before 5000 BC
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA6 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.0.44 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
NA961.93 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
356.58 °C2,212.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Liquid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA251.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA229.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s2,680.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
1.00NA
Palladium
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
73.00 %97.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Hg
Ag
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3436
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.001.93
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.201.83
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.441.42
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.811.47
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.441.87
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.002.07
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol2,070.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol3,361.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NANA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr4.02 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.49 eV4.26 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
8047
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
8047
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
12161
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
8047
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm144.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm145.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm172.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
200.59 amu107.87 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol10.30 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)11.40 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
300.50 pm408.53 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm310.49 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA9.32 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
0.00NA
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA30.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA100.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA83.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.37
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.5310.50
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NA0.00
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m15.87 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.63 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol125.60 kJ/mol
Palladium
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K25.35 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K429.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
1,750.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
1.3 Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)18.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
1.4 Enthalpy
1.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol255.10 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
1.5.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol11.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
1.5.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol284.50 kJ/mol
Sodium
61.5 837
1.6 Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K42.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1