Neodymium Palladium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
Pd
Group Number
1
17
10
8
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1885
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.35
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
60
99+
Number of Electrons
60
99+
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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