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Neodymium vs Calcium

Neodymium
Calcium
Calcium vs Neodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd   
Ca   
Group Number
1   
17
2   
16
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440008   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1885   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
30
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
20
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
Not Available   
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C   
28
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa   
35
170.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa   
27
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s   
38
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14   
99+
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86   
13
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV   
34
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
60   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm   
13
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm   
10
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm   
30
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3   
36
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa   
38
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa   
37
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa   
40
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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