Niobium Radium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb
Ra
Group Number
5
13
2
16
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440031
99+
7440144
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Not Available
Discovery
In 1801
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
35
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
Not Available
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C
6
700.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C
99+
1,737.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s
21
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb
Ra
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60
23
0.90
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42
16
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.92
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.41
31
0.89
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40
31
3.10
5
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41
99+
88
30
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Rn] 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
41
99+
88
30
Number of Neutrons
52
99+
138
16
Number of Electrons
41
99+
88
30
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm
35
Not Available
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm
28
221.00 pm
3
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
283.00 pm
4
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu
99+
226.00 amu
26
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
45.20 cm3/mol
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)
8
20.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm
99+
514.80 pm
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3
99+
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa
19
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
Not Available
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa
20
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.57
37
5.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m
23
100.00 nΩ·m
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Not Available
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K
29
18.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol
4
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
71.00 J/mol.K
14
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