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Palladium vs Livermorium

Palladium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Lv  
Group Number
10  
8
16  
2
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
-  
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
-  
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
160  
5
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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