Palladium vs Manganese
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd
Mn
Group Number
10
8
7
11
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440053
99+
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In 1803
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
Not Available
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C
22
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C
33
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.75
9
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa
33
196.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa
36
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s
26
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.72
1
Not Available
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
38
1
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35
21
1.60
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV
3
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
46
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
60
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
46
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)
99+
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm
25
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3
29
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3
17
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
0.00 (Pa)
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa
16
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.39
5
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.02
21
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m
29
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol
17
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K
33
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K
23
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol
19
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol
18
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol
22
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K
40
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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