Platinum Thulium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Tm
Group Number
10
8
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1735
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
117
24
100
32
Number of Electrons
78
38
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
Not Available
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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