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Platinum vs Chromium

Platinum
Chromium
Chromium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Cr  
Group Number
10  
8
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1735  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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