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Platinum vs Chromium

Platinum
Chromium
Chromium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Cr   
Group Number
10   
8
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1735   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
Not Available   
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.56   
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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