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Platinum vs Nickel

Platinum
Nickel
Nickel vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Ni  
Group Number
10  
8
10  
8
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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