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Platinum vs Nickel

Platinum
Nickel
Nickel vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Ni   
Group Number
10   
8
10   
8
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
Not Available   
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.75   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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