Potassium Scandium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
K
Sc
Group Number
1
17
3
15
Period Number
4
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440097
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1807
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %
9
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %
6
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %
3
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %
2
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
774.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.40
23
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa
99+
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45
31
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91
39
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73
23
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.73
99+
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV
99+
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
19
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
24
99+
Number of Electrons
19
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm
3
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm
5
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol
3
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)
99+
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm
12
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3
99+
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa
99+
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa
99+
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa
99+
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.86
99+
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m
37
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol
22
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K
6
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K
15
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K
3
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K
18
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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