Potassium vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
K
Hg
Group Number
1
17
12
6
Period Number
4
6
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440097
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1807
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %
9
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %
6
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %
3
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %
2
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
774.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.40
23
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s
99+
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45
31
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91
39
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73
23
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
0.73
99+
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV
99+
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
19
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
19
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm
3
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm
5
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol
3
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm
12
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.86
99+
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m
37
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol
22
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K
6
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K
15
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K
3
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K
18
75.80 J/mol.K
6
|
||
|
||
|
