Mercury vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Ca
Group Number
12
6
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Humphry Davy
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
20
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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