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Mercury Calcium Comparison

Mercury
Calcium
Calcium Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Ca   
Group Number
12   
6
2   
16
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Summary >>
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