Calcium vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca
Hg
Group Number
2
16
12
6
Period Number
4
6
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440702
21
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1808
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %
3
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %
4
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %
4
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %
3
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
5
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %
1
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
839.00 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.75
17
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ca
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00
99+
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95
24
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04
34
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08
17
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.03
39
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00
9
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV
38
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
20
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
20
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
20
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm
6
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm
22
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm
19
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol
7
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm
9
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)
3
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.58
99+
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol
39
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K
34
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K
5
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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