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Potassium vs Niobium

Potassium
Niobium
Niobium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Nb  
Group Number
1  
17
5  
13
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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