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Potassium vs Rubidium

Potassium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Rb  
Group Number
1  
17
1  
17
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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