Praseodymium Gadolinium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr
Gd
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440100
99+
7440542
33
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1885
In 1880
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
- This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C
99+
1,311.00 °C
35
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C
27
3,233.00 °C
25
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa
24
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
510.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s
40
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr
Gd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13
99+
1.20
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87
12
2.80
15
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol
99+
593.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol
30
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr
40
1.96 g/amp-hr
32
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59
99+
64
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
59
99+
64
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
93
37
Number of Electrons
59
99+
64
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm
11
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm
14
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol
15
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)
99+
46.10 (-eV)
34
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm
29
363.60 pm
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.59
9
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
7.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3
39
7.40 g/cm3
31
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)
7
7.39 (Pa)
9
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa
39
21.80 GPa
33
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa
40
37.90 GPa
34
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa
99+
54.80 GPa
35
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.26
23
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
7.90
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m
99+
1.31 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K
18
37.03 J/mol·K
2
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K
99+
10.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
9.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol
29
359.40 kJ/mol
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol
99+
10.05 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol
24
352.00 kJ/mol
27
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
68.10 J/mol.K
16
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