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Praseodymium vs Chromium

Praseodymium
Chromium
Chromium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Cr  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1885  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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