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Praseodymium vs Sodium

Praseodymium
Sodium
Sodium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
-  
Group Number
3  
15
1  
17
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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