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Praseodymium vs Technetium

Praseodymium
Technetium
Technetium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Tc  
Group Number
3  
15
7  
11
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440268  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1937  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
2,200.00 °C  
9
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
4,877.00 °C  
7
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Shiny Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
550.00 MPa  
27
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
16,200.00 m/s  
1
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
35.00 %  
34
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Tc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.36  
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.51  
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
43  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
43  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
55  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
43  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
147.00 pm  
39
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
98.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Molybdenum
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Ruthenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
180.00 (-eV)  
3
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
273.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.60  
21
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
11.00 g/cm3  
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
11.00 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.38  
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
11.50  
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
50.60 W/m·K  
30
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
2,150.00 K  
16
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
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