Promethium Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Cu
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Unknown
Discovery
In 1942
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
Not Available
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Copper
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
35
99+
Number of Electrons
61
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.53 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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