Promethium Gold Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Au
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Unknown
Discovery
In 1942
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
2.54
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
84
40
118
23
Number of Electrons
61
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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