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Promethium vs Gold

Promethium
Gold
Gold vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Au   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1942   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
118   
23
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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