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Properties of Thorium and Molybdenum


Properties of Molybdenum & Thorium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
2,617.00 °C   
5

Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
4,612.00 °C   
9

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
5.50   
7

Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
1,370.00 MPa   
7

Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
1,400.00 MPa   
6

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15

Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
5,400.00 m/s   
6

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Th   
Mo   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
28   
11
25   
14

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.16   
5

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.15   
19

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.30   
24

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.16   
3

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.84   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37

2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37

3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.60 eV   
12

Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity
  
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
10.28 g/cm3   
36

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.33 g/cm3   
20

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
0.00 (Pa)   
26

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
126.00 GPa   
8

Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
230.00 GPa   
6

Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
329.00 GPa   
6

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.31   
13

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile
  
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Weldability of metals defines their ability to be welded.This property of metals also known as joinability.Weldable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Th   
Mo   

Group Number
0   
18
6   
12

Period Number
7   
5   

Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block
  

Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
90   
28
42   
99+

Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
95.95 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   

Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
88.60 (-eV)   
13

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
90   
28
42   
99+

Number of Neutrons
142   
15
54   
99+

Number of Electrons
90   
28
42   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
139.00 pm   
39

Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
154.00 pm   
32

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28

Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
314.70 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Technetium
  

Previous Element
Actinium
  
Niobium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
71.90 kJ/mol   
14

Electrical Property
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor
  
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
10.22   
27

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21

Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
138.00 W/m·K   
12

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
594.10 kJ/mol   
8

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
27.61 kJ/mol   
5

Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
653.00 kJ/mol   
7

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