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Radium Cobalt Comparison

Radium
Cobalt
Cobalt Radium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Co  
Group Number
2  
16
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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