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Radium vs Chromium

Radium
Chromium
Chromium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Cr  
Group Number
2  
16
6  
12
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1898  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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