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Radium vs Sodium

Radium
Sodium
Sodium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
-  
Group Number
2  
16
1  
17
Period Number
7  
3  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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