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Sodium vs Rubidium

Sodium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Na   
Rb   
Group Number
1   
17
1   
17
Period Number
3   
5   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
11   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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