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Rubidium vs Sodium

Rubidium
Sodium
Sodium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb  
Na  
Group Number
1  
17
1  
17
Period Number
5  
3  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440177  
99+
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
2 * 10-3 %  
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %  
17
~0.004 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
19
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
7
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.14 %  
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C  
99+
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C  
99+
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30  
24
0.50  
22
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
24
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb  
Na  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31  
32
0.56  
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89  
40
1.01  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69  
24
0.91  
21
Allen Electronegativity
0.71  
99+
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
18
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
19
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
20
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr  
14
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV  
99+
2.75 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37  
99+
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37  
99+
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
48  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
37  
99+
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm  
2
186.00 pm  
9
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm  
4
166.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm  
3
227.00 pm  
21
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu  
99+
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol  
2
23.70 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm  
10
429.06 pm  
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa  
99+
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53  
99+
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
24
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol  
24
52.80 kJ/mol  
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K  
5
28.23 J/mol·K  
10
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K  
26
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K  
4
2,573.00 K  
2
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
51.30 J/mol.K  
28
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