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Rubidium vs Copper

Rubidium
Copper
Copper vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Cu   
Group Number
1   
17
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1861   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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