Rubidium Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb
Cu
Group Number
1
17
11
7
Period Number
5
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Unknown
Discovery
In 1861
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
19
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.
13
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C
99+
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
688.00 °C
99+
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Copper
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.30
24
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa
99+
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31
32
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89
40
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69
24
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.71
99+
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV
99+
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
37
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
48
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
37
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm
2
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm
4
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol
2
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)
99+
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm
10
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
99+
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.53 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa
99+
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa
99+
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.53
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
26
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol
24
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
5
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K
26
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K
4
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K
5
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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